Basic Guidelines on Designing Your First Aquascape.

Introduction to Aquascaping

Aquascaping, the art of arranging aquatic plants, rocks, stones, cavework, or driftwood in an aesthetically pleasing manner within an aquarium, is a blend of science and creativity. Originating in Japan and popularized by Takashi Amano, this practice has become a global phenomenon. An aquascape focuses not just on the health of aquatic life but also on creating a visually stunning underwater landscape.

Essential Equipment for Your First Aquascape

Creating a successful aquascape requires a selection of specific tools and materials. Below, we outline the essential components and provide detailed guidance on each.

1. Choosing the Right Tank

Selecting an appropriate tank is the foundational step. Here are key considerations:

• Size and Shape: A smaller, rimless nano tank is ideal for beginners. It is cost-effective, easy to maintain, and can be placed virtually anywhere without the need for additional stands or cabinets.
• Material: Opt for tanks made from optic white extra-clear glass for superior visibility and a minimalist aesthetic.
• Rimless Design: Benefits include a clean look, easy maintenance, and the ability to have plants and hardscape elements break the water surface. However, be mindful of potential issues such as fish jumping out and increased evaporation.

Check out our article on Selecting The Right Aquarium

2. Effective Filtration System

A reliable filtration system is crucial for maintaining water quality and promoting a healthy ecosystem. Options include:

• External Filters: Preferred for their capacity to hold more media, leading to a better environment for beneficial bacteria. They also allow the use of aesthetic lily pipes.
• Hang-On-Back Filters: A cost-effective and simpler option, suitable for those on a budget.
• Internal Filters: Less desirable due to the space they occupy within the tank and their visual impact.

When selecting a filter, aim for a flow rate approximately 10 times the volume of your tank per hour. For instance, a 60-liter tank would require a filter with a flow rate of 600 liters per hour. Here's a selection of great External Filters worth considering.

3. Lighting

Proper lighting is essential for plant growth and overall aquascape aesthetics. Choose lights from reputable brands like Chihiros, Twinstar, or Skylight. Ensure the light intensity and spectrum are appropriate for your tank size and plant requirements. For a complete range of affordable lighting USE THIS LINK

4. CO2 System (Optional but Recommended)

CO2 systems significantly enhance plant growth and appearance. While a professional CO2 system can be costly, a DIY approach using a soda bottle, sugar, and yeast can be an economical alternative. For serious hobbyists, investing in a pressurized CO2 system with a regulator, solenoid valve, tubing, check valve, diffuser, and drop checker is advisable.

Manufacturers EHEIM or COLOMBO have comprehensive CO2 systems that offer great engineering at a very good price. CHECK THEM OUT HERE.

5. Substrate

Using a high-quality aquasoil substrate is highly recommended. Benefits include:

• No need for rinsing before use.
• Rich in essential nutrients for plant growth.
• Absorbs nutrients from the water column.
• Porous structure ensures good water circulation.

To calculate the amount needed, multiply the tank’s base area by the desired substrate depth (e.g., for a 60x30 cm base with a 5 cm layer: 60 x 30 x 5 = 9000, indicating 9 liters of aquasoil).

6. Hardscape Materials

The hardscape forms the foundation of your layout. Use rocks and wood to create a natural appearance. Two options when purchasing, use a local store (if you're touchy feely!), or purchase online where the pricing is more competitive. Consider the characteristics of each material, such as potential calcium leaching from rocks or tannin release from wood. THESE NATURAL WOODS MAKE EXCELLENT FOUNDATIONS.

7. Aquatic Plants

Selecting the right plants is crucial and requires research. Plants are often categorized as easy, medium, or advanced based on their care requirements. Choose plants that match your lighting and CO2 setup, and start with fast-growing or floating plants to stabilize the aquarium initially.

Check out our article 'What Aquatic Plants Can Be Used In Aquascaping'

8. Miscellaneous Items

Additional necessary items include:

• Aquascaping tweezers and scissors. (this kit is perfect)
• Super glue for attaching plants to hardscape.
• Liquid fertilizers.
• Background foil for the tank.
• Water testing kits (for nitrite and ammonia).
• Bucket and hose for water changes.

Step-by-Step Aquascaping Process

Follow these steps to create your aquascape:

Step 1: Adding the Substrate

Pour the aquasoil into the tank, aiming for a slope towards the back to create depth. Use a paintbrush to distribute the soil evenly, ensuring a layer of approximately 2 cm at the front.

Step 2: Building the Hardscape

Arrange your rocks and wood to form the basic structure of your aquascape. Take your time with this step to ensure a balanced and visually pleasing layout.

Step 3: Planting

Begin planting by placing the largest plants first, followed by medium-sized and foreground plants. Use tweezers for precise placement.

Step 4: Filling with Water

Slowly fill the tank with water to avoid disturbing the substrate and plants.

Step 5: Installing Equipment

Set up your filter, lighting, and CO2 system. Ensure everything is functioning correctly before adding any aquatic life.

Conclusion

Aquascaping is an art that combines creativity, patience, and technical knowledge. By carefully selecting the right equipment, materials, and plants, and following a systematic approach, you can create a stunning and thriving aquatic landscape. Embrace the journey and enjoy the process of bringing your aquascape to life.